INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND
SOCIAL SCIENCES

Factors Influencing the Success and Failure of Mergers and Acquisitions in India: A Comparative Study

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have emerged as an important corporate strategy for achieving business growth, market expansion, operational efficiency, and competitive advantage in India. While many M&A transactions create value through improved financial performance and resource utilization, several transactions fail to achieve their intended objectives due to strategic, financial, managerial, and cultural challenges. This study aims to examine the factors influencing the success and failure of mergers and acquisitions in India through a comparative analysis. The study is descriptive and analytical in nature and is based on secondary data collected from annual reports, company websites, stock exchange filings, published research articles, and other relevant sources. The research compares successful and unsuccessful M&A cases using key factors such as strategic fit, corporate governance, valuation accuracy, post-merger integration, synergy realization, cultural compatibility, and financial performance indicators. Appropriate analytical tools such as descriptive analysis and comparative evaluation are used to identify the major determinants of M&A outcomes. The study is expected to reveal that effective strategic planning, accurate valuation, strong governance, and efficient post-merger integration significantly contribute to successful mergers, whereas poor integration, cultural conflicts, overvaluation, and weak managerial coordination are major causes of failure. The findings of the study may provide useful insights for corporate managers, investors, researchers, and policymakers in improving the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of mergers and acquisitions in the Indian corporate sector.